Wassily Kandinsky 1866-1944, in base alla propria convinzione, secondo la quale, il movimento del colore è una vibrazione che tocca le corde dell'interiorità, descrive i colori in base alle sensazioni e alle emozioni che suscitano nello spettatore, paragonandoli a strumenti musicali. Egli si occupa dei colori primari - giallo, blu, rosso, e poi di colori secondari - arancione, verde, viola, ciascuno dei quali è frutto della mescolanza tra due primari. Analizzerà anche le proprietà di marrone, grigio e arancione:
Visualizzazione post con etichetta The Blue Rider Groups. Mostra tutti i post
Visualizzazione post con etichetta The Blue Rider Groups. Mostra tutti i post
Il Trattato dei colori | Wassily Kandinsky 1866-1944
Max Ernst 1891-1976 | Pioneer of the Dada art and Surrealism
Max Ernst was a german painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst was one of the primary pioneers of the Dada movement and Surrealism. Ernst was born in Brühl, near Cologne, the third of nine children of a middle-class Catholic family. His father Philipp Ernst was a teacher of the deaf and dumb and an amateur painter. A devout Christian and a strict disciplinarian, he inspired in his son a penchant for defying authority, while his interest in painting and sketching in nature influenced Max Ernst to take up painting himself. In 1909 Ernst enrolled in the University of Bonn, studying philosophy, art history, literature, psychology and psychiatry. He visited asylums and became fascinated with the art of the mentally ill patients; he also started painting this year, producing sketches in the garden of the Brühl castle and portraits of his sister and himself. In 1911 Ernst befriended August Macke and joined his Die Rheinischen Expressionisten group of artists, deciding to become an artist. In 1912 he visited the Sonderbund exhibition in Cologne, where works by Pablo Picasso and post-Impressionists such as Vincent Van Gogh and Paul Gauguin profoundly influenced his approach to art. His own work was exhibited the same year together with that of the Das Junge Rheinland group, at Galerie Feldman in Cologne, and then in several group exhibitions in 1913.
Paul Klee 1879-1940 | Swiss expressionist painter
Klee has been variously associated with expressionism, cubism, futurism, surrealism, and abstraction, but his pictures are difficult to classify. He generally worked in isolation from his peers, and interpreted new art trends in his own way. He was inventive in his methods and technique. Klee worked in many different media-oil paint, watercolor, ink, pastel, etching, and others. He often combined them into one work. He used canvas, burlap, muslin, linen, gauze, cardboard, metal foils, fabric, wallpaper, and newsprint. Klee employed spray paint, knife application, stamping, glazing, and impasto, and mixed media such as oil with watercolor, water color with pen and India ink, and oil with tempera. He was a natural draftsman, and through long experimentation developed a mastery of color and tonality. Many of his works combine these skills. He uses a great variety of color palettes from nearly monochromatic to highly polychromatic. His works often have a fragile child-like quality to them and are usually on a small scale. He often used geometric forms as well as letters, numbers, and arrows, and combined them with figures of animals and people. Some works were completely abstract. Many of his works and their titles reflect his dry humor and varying moods; some express political convictions. They frequently allude to poetry, music and dreams and sometimes include words or musical notation. The later works are distinguished by spidery hieroglyph-like symbols.
Albert Bloch 1882-1961 | American Expressionist | The Blue Rider Groups
Bloch was an american modernist artist and the only american artist associated with Der Blaue Reiter - The Blue Rider, a group of early 20th-century European modernists. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He first studied art at the St. Louis School of Fine Arts. In 1901-03 he produced comic strips and cartoons for the St. Louis Star newspaper. Between 1905 and 1908 he worked as a caricaturist and illustrator for William Marion Reedy's literary and political weekly The Mirror. From 1909-1921, Bloch lived and worked mainly in Germany. After the end of World War I, Bloch returned to the United States, teaching at the Academy of Fine Arts in Chicago for a year, and then accepting a Departmental Head position at the University of Kansas until his retirement in 1947.
Wassily Kandinsky 1866-1944 | Russian Expressionist | The Blue Rider Groups
Wassily Kandinsky nasce a Mosca nel 1866. Dopo gli studi di giurisprudenza, decide di dedicarsi alla pittura. All'età di trent'anni, si trasferisce a Monaco, dove frequenta l'accademia sotto Franz von Stuck.Dal 1901-1904 fa parte del gruppo artistico "Phalanx". Negli anni successivi effettua viaggi e periodi di soggiorno all'estero, tra cui un anno a Parigi. Tornato a Monaco, Kandinsky trascorre gran parte del tempo a Murnau, piccola località bavarese tra Monaco e le Alpi. Qui, in compagnia di Gabriele Münter, realizza vari paesaggi di gusto espressionista. Nel 1909 partecipa alla fondazione della La Neue Künstlervereinigung München.
Gli anni 1911 e 1912 sono fondamentali nella vita e nell'evoluzione artistica di Wassily Kandinsky.Abbandona l'associazione artistica. Avviene l'incontro con le personalità artistiche più in sintonia con la sua visione dell'arte: Franz Marc, August Macke e Paul Klee. Insieme a loro dà vita al gruppo "Der Blaue Reiter" e cura la pubblicazione dell'Almanacco "Der Blaue Reiter". Il primo numero dell'almanacco esce nel 1912, e reca in copertina la riproduzione di un acquarello di Kandinsky. Sempre nel 1912, pubblica Über das Geistige in der Kunst Lo spirituale nell'arte, dove espone le sue teorie artistiche. Nello stesso periodo per l'artista comincia l'evoluzione verso l'astrattismo, che culmina con la realizzazione del Primo acquerello astratto 1910-1913. Negli anni 1911-14 Kandinsky realizza molte delle prime composizioni e delle improvisationi. Nel 1914, allo scoppio della prima guerra mondiale, Kandinsky torna in Russia. Qui viene nominato professore dei Laboratori artistici di Stato, 1918. Le opere del periodo mostrano un impianto sempre più geometrico e meno espressionista. Nel 1921 fa ritorno in Germania con la seconda moglie Nina.
Viene chiamato da Gropius al Bauhaus. L'insegnamento al Bauhaus è una delle esperienze chiave nella vita dell'artista. Kandinsky vi trascorre ininterrottamente il periodo dal 1922 al 1933, seguendo l'istituzione nei suoi vari spostamenti: da Weimar a Dessau, e da Dessau a Berlino. Accanto a lui insegna anche l'amico Paul Klee.
Al Bauhaus, Kandinsky tiene il seminario sul colore nell'ambito del corso propedeutico. Insegna anche pittura murale. Parallelamente all'insegnamento, la sua pittura assume un'impronta nettamente geometrizzante, dominata dallo sfruttamento delle proprietà dinamiche della linea, del punto, delle superfici e dei diversi colori. Le sue ricerche trovano una loro teorizzazione nel saggio Punkt und Linie zur Fläche (Punto, linea e superficie) del 1926.
Negli stessi anni si interessa anche di teatro. Nel 1924 è tra i membri del gruppo "Die Blauen Vier", con Lionel Feininger, Paul Klee e Alexej Jawlensky. All'avvento del nazismo il Bauhaus viene chiuso. Le opere di Kandinsky, presenti in abbondanza nei musei tedeschi, vengono sequestrate. Alcune figurano esposte, nel 1937, alla mostra "Entartete Kunst". Ma Kandinsky aveva già abbandonato la Germania nel 1933, per trasferirsi a Neuilly-sur-Seine, vicino a Parigi. Qui trascorre gli ultimi 10 anni. Muore nel 1944.
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